Horizontal distance measurement in surveying pdf. Wheel tape does not provide high precision (which is around 1:200), but provides a convenient way to conduct fast measurement on a path or road including its curves. It describes pacing, taping, and slope taping. This document discusses methods for measuring horizontal distances in surveying, including pacing, taping, and slope taping. Study of theodolite in detail - practice for measurement of horizontal and vertical angles. Slope taping measures along inclined ground and then reduces the slope distance to its horizontal Chapter 2 Measurement of Horizontal Distances Handouts. It covers: 1. It describes direct measurement techniques like taping using measuring tapes and chains. It provides examples of how to calculate pace factor from trial paces over a known distance. Wheel typically has installed odometer to count the number of turns. length is measured out from the base of the steeple and a 20°15' vertical angle is determined surveying and is carried out by taping, tacheometric or Electromagnetic Distance Measurement (EDM) techniques. This document discusses the process of measuring horizontal distances through taping in surveying. 3. Technological Advancements: The 19th and 20th centuries witnessed significant technological advancements in surveying, including the introduction of theodolites, distance measuring devices, and later, electronic total stations and GPS. 1 GENERAL OVERVIEW 2. 1 Plane Surveying Measurements and Instruments Plane surveying measures linear and angular quantities (Fig. measurements and to record the data with a single device has revolutionized surveying. Taping uses a graduated measuring tape stretched between points. Total stations perform the following basic functions: Types of measurements: Slope distance Horizontal angle Vertical angle Operator input to total station data collector: Text (date, job number, crew, etc. 2 August 8, 2007 DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS Assoc. 4. Chapter 3 - Measurement of Horizontal Distances_(1) - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Dr. Figure III-2 HORIZONTAL DISTANCE MEASUREMENT & CHAIN SURVEYING METHODS OF HORIZONTAL DISTANCE MEASUREMENT In surveying, linear measurements have been obtained by many different methods. 0ft. Taping involves stretching a calibrated tape between two points and reading the distance. Assuming that the ground is level, a 250. 1 Steel Tapes P1: GFZ SVNY306-Field & Solie April 10, 2007 7:58 Measuring Distances 161 FIGURE 12. 1 PURPOSE. It explains different types of chains like Gunter's chain and meter chain. Prism is used with EDM to reflect back the signal sent by the instrument, allowing measurement of distance. Taping uses a graduated tape stretched between points and read to directly measure distance. Handout # 3 MEASUREMENT OF HORIZONTAL DISTANCES - Free download as PDF File (. h 20o15’ 250. These include (1) pacing, (2) odometer readings, (3) optical rangefinders, (4) tacheometry, (5) subtense bars, (6) chain, (7) tape, (8) electronic distance measurement (EDM %PDF-1. Slope taping is necessary when measuring along a sloped surface, as it accounts for the difference between 2. Horizontal Distance Measurements - Free download as PDF File (. The composition of a taping party, which typically includes a head tapeman, recorder, flagman, and rear tapeman. -Horizontal and slope distances can be measured by using fiberglass, steel tape or EDM (electronic distance measuring) + difference in elevation and slope distance. It also discusses how to determine an unknown distance by pacing if the surveyor's pace factor is known. 2) Taping uses a graduated tape for direct measurement. Pacing involves counting steps of a known pace length to determine distance. The document outlines procedures for taping distances, including corrections for slope, temperature, tension, and The document discusses various methods for measuring horizontal distances in surveying: 1) Pacing involves counting steps to determine distance based on a calibrated pace factor. 3) Tachymetry uses trigonometry to indirectly calculate distances from angles and intercepts measured by theodolite. It describes direct methods like pacing, odometry, tacheometry, and electronic distance measurement. Linear measure-ments take the form of horizontal distances, e. 25 ) 250. Whichever ofthese is used, the usual requirement in engineering surveying is for horizontaldistances. Haluk ÖZENER Istanbul Technical University Faculty of Civil Engineering Geodesy and Photogrammetry Engineering Department Surveying Techniques Division AIM OF FIELDWORK 1 Setting up a ranging rod at a point in vertical position. Frequently, the lay of the land between the two points is not uniform, or the elevation of the two points is very different. 1 Total Stations A total station is used for measuring both horizontal and zenith angles as well as slope distances. by counting the number of paces required to cover the distance and multiplying 2_Chapter Two Horizontal Distance Measurment - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (. Odometer wheel. Measurement of horizontal angles by method of repetition and reiteration. Horizontal control is established to serve as a basic framework for large mapping projects, to establish new horizontal control in a remote area, or to further densify existing horizontal control in an area. Along with the actual survey measurements are the mathematical calculations. Module 3 (Measurement of Horizontal Distances) - Free download as PDF File (. ppt / . 3. 3 Specific surveying equipment is described below, along with its uses and any special precautions for its care. 1. Furthermore, electro-optical and, later, laser distance meters, involved direct precise measurements of long distances. It also describes indirect methods using chains and tapes. The most common methods are pacing, taping, and electronic distance measurement. g. It is the art of measuring horizontal and vertical distances between objects, of measuring angles between lines, of determining the direction of lines, and of establishing points by predetermined angular and linear measurements. Horizontal distance and angle measurements are then used to calculate the position of a point on the horizontal plane. Various methods of obtaining horizontal distances using these techniques are discussed in this chapter. Direct methods involve physically measuring with a tape on the ground, while optical methods compute distance indirectly through techniques like stadia tacheometry. This document provides an overview of measuring horizontal distances in surveying. An azimuth is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a defined reference (typically geodetic north). When measuring along slopes, the tape is broken into segments and the slope distance is later reduced to the horizontal distance through This document discusses various methods for measuring horizontal distances in surveying. system remains influential in modern land surveying and property ownership in the United States. 4) Graphical and mathematical methods This document discusses methods for measuring horizontal distances in surveying. txt) or read online for free. This document discusses various methods for measuring horizontal distances in surveying. Rough distance measurement: Using a Measuring Wheel. EDM instruments use the speed of However, even measuring those short distances could not be measured with high accuracy. ) Atmospheric corrections (PPM) MEASURING HORIZONTAL DISTANCES August 2014 Semester EGC1164 & EGC2164 OUTLINE • -1 Rough Distance Measurement – Determining a Unit Pace – Using a Measuring Wheel • -2 Taping: Equipment and Methods – Tapes and Accessories – Taping a Horizontal Distance – Setting Marks for Line and Distance • -3 Taping Mistakes, Errors, and Corrections – Taping Mistakes or Blunders – Taping This document discusses measuring horizontal distances through pacing and taping. Special equipment and Horizontal angles are measured on the horizontal plane and establish the azimuth of each survey measurement. 3 %âãÏÓ 317 0 obj > endobj xref 317 20 0000000016 00000 n 0000001834 00000 n 0000001900 00000 n 0000002034 00000 n 0000002235 00000 n 0000003050 00000 n CE200 SURVEYING Lecture 1. 10 DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS Distance between two points can be horizontal, slope or vertical and are recorded in feet (foot units) of meters (SI units). 2 INSTRUMENTS. txt) or view presentation slides online. , measured directly by a tape or indirectly using a total station. This document discusses methods for measuring horizontal distances in surveying. Ranging a line in the field. 2. There are three main methods for linear measurement: direct, optical, and electromagnetic distance measurement. ppt), PDF File (. DISCUSSION OF DISTANCE MEASUREMENTS In surveying, the distance between two points is understood to mean the horizontal distance, regardless of the relative elevation of the two points. Prof. 0 ft. Trigonometric Leveling - Heights and distance problem (Two Exercises) 4. In measuring horizontal or slope distances with a 2. In topographical surveys, you measure distances along straight lines. In addition, they also have features for measurement to points that cannot. pptx), PDF File (. Distance Measurement tan(20. This document provides an overview of methods for measuring horizontal distances in surveying, including pacing, taping, tachymetry, and using mechanical devices. pdf), Text File (. The procedure for taping, which involves aligning the tape, stretching it taut, plumbing points, marking full tape lengths, and measuring fractional lengths. Lengths were measured by wooden or metal levers, until the invention of invar, which allowed precise distance measurements. 0 Introduction : Measuring distances along straight lines: 1. Pacing involves determining the length of one's pace and then counting steps to measure distance. 3). These lines either join two fixed points or run in one direction starting from one fixed point. It discusses tape accessories and errors that can occur in distance points on or near the surface of the earth. Objectives: On completion of this chapter, you should be able to: - select a suitable method of linear measurement for a particular survey task; - measure with a steel tape using techniques to avoid, minimize or eliminate errors; - reduce steel tape measurements for temperature, tension, sag, and slope; and reduce electronic distance 1. TRADITIONAL HORIZONTAL CONTROL SURVEY TECHNIQUES 2. Heights and distance using Principles of tacheometric surveying (Two Exercises) 5.
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